EXHIBITS

Turbulent Times and the Independent Grocers Alliance (IGA)

Turbulent Times

Based on how frequently the Island Market grocery store changed hands from the 1920s to 1950, and also how often the owners of grocery stores shifted location during this period, it is reasonable to infer that the economic situation for such business owners was somewhat unstable. 

DNO-0009_NEWS-TheHeraldJournal1951-04-06-Pg11_SalternsIslandMarketAd.jpeg

Although this advertisement is after the time period discussed here, it shows that such advertisement methods continued to be used, even with the Island Market. (Image provided by The Herald Journal) 

This instability was probably natural for the time period. The beginning of the Great Depression in the 1930s coincided with the rise of supermarkets, which drastically changed the landscape of grocery and food economies. Grocers themselves also often had unstable relationships with the communities they worked in.  

On one hand, grocers saw themselves as important members of the community that provided access to food and other essential products.[65] On the other hand, in times of economic hardship, grocers were often blamed for the steep prices and even compared to robbers.[66] Some grocery stores survived, often by relying on dramatic advertisements emphasizing cheapness, but many failed.[67] Grocery stores in Logan, Utah, seem to have also been subject to these trends. 

Time after time, the owners of the 400 East and Center Street market would switch location, handing the building off to the next owners who would try their luck in the corner market business. H. Cleve and Melva K. Hansen, likely in response to the manifest difficulties of operating a grocery store in the 40s, joined their store (at 400 East and Center Street) with the Independent Grocers Alliance (IGA) in 1946 or earlier.[68] 

Independent Grocer's Alliance (IGA)

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The main sign of the Island Market declares their participation as an IGA grocery store. Photo taken c. 1961. (Image from Utah State University Special Collections & Archives, Cache County Tax Assessment Photos, Box 8, Image 2) 

"Chains were doing so well that in 1926, a group of independent grocers in the Northeast banded together to form the Independent Grocers Alliance (IGA), a national trade group that allowed the independents to obtain the same wholesale discounts as the large chains." 

Jenny McTaggart[69] 

The IGA had entered the scene in Cache Valley around 1933, over a decade before the 400 East and Center Street grocery would join it. The first IGA store in the valley was a butcher’s shop, the name of which was not recorded.[70] While this store has nothing to do with the Island Market, it gives us an idea of when the IGA started to enter the Logan area. 

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(Image provided by The Deseret News) 

While there are not many sources directly referencing the role of the IGA in Cache Valley at the time, the franchise was praised highly in the Deseret News in 1966, with Senator Mike Mansfield stating,This organization has helped independent grocers in 46 states to increase their sales and modernize their stores.”[71]  

The Red and White Stores 

Other organizations such as “The Red and White” were created to provide similar help to independent grocers. The Red and White stores would have access to purchasing deals while still staying independent. The stores were asked to include the “Red and White” in their store name.[72] (Several of these Logan stores can be seen on the map feature in “Where Did the Corner Markets Go?” page.) 

Endnotes: 

[65] Sylvie Rosen, “The World’s Greatest Price Wreckers: The Rise of American Supermarkets in the 1930s” (Thesis, Columbia University, 2019). Pages 26-32. Available at: https://history.barnard.edu/sites/default/files/inline-files/SylvieRosen_The%20World%E2%80%99s%20Greatest%20Price%20Wreckers_2019.pdf 

[66] Tracey Deutsch, “Building a Housewife's Paradise: Gender, Politics, and American Grocery Stores in the Twentieth Century” (Chapel Hill: the University of North Carolina Press, 2010). Pages 47-49. Project MUSE. Available at: https://muse.jhu.edu/book/43957  

[67] Sylvie Rosen, “The World’s Greatest Price Wreckers: The Rise of American Supermarkets in the 1930s” (Thesis, Columbia University, 2019). Page 33. Available at: https://history.barnard.edu/sites/default/files/inline-files/SylvieRosen_The%20World%E2%80%99s%20Greatest%20Price%20Wreckers_2019.pdf 

[68] “Well Known Brands Cost Less at IGA” on page 11 of The Herald Journal, March 15, 1946. Digitally published by Newspapers.com. Available at: https://www.newspapers.com/clip/98086515/hansens-grocery/ 

[69] Jenny McTaggart, "1920s: A Decade Of Promise,” Progressive Grocer, January 1, 2012. Available at: https://progressivegrocer.com/1920s-decade-promise 

[70] “New Meat Market Opens Tomorrow” on page 1 of The Herald- Journal, December 15, 1933. Digitally published by Newspapers.com. Available at: https://www.newspapers.com/clip/99063610/first-iga-1933/ 

[71] Senator Mike Mansfield quoted in The Deseret News. “IGA Lauded in U.S. Senate on Its 40th Anniversary” on page 5 of The Deseret News, August 22, 1966. Digitally published by news.Google.com. Available at: https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=336&dat=19660822&id=kwcKAAAAIBAJ&sjid=-EkDAAAAIBAJ&pg=3059,4420097&hl=en 

[72] Mike Richard, “The three Red & White grocery stores of Gardner,” special for The Gardener News, October 29, 2021. Retrieved August 1, 2022. Available at: https://www.thegardnernews.com/story/news/2021/10/29/red-white-grocery-stores-gardner-ma-then-and-now-history/6174241001/